Prostate Cancer

Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Blood Test

This involved taking a blood test that will measure the levels of PSA which is a protein made by cells in the prostate gland. PSA is primarily comprised of semen but you can also find small traces of it in the blood. The higher the levels, the higher the chances of prostate cancer or prostate-related conditions. However, it is important to note that no set cutoff point can tell for sure if a man does or does not have prostate cancer. The test involves just a simple blood draw done at a clinic.

Screening Frequency (average-risk patient):

• Ages 50-69 → biannual to annual depending on PSA levels
• Not routinely recommended under age 50 or over age 70 unless advised by a doctor

Screening Frequency (high-risk patient):

• Ages 40-45 → every 1-2 years

PSA Levels

• Most men that do not have prostate cancer will have levels that fall under 4 ng/mL of blood
• Having a level between 4 and 10 is equivalent to having a 1 in 4 chance of having prostate cancer
• If PSA level is greater than 10 that means that the chances of that man having prostate cancer is above 50%

Digital Rectal Exam (DRE)

Involves a healthcare provider or doctor inserting a gloved, lubricated hand into the rectum in attempts to feel for abnormal bumps or hard areas on the prostate that could indicate prostate cancer. It may cause brief, mild discomfort.

Screening Frequency

• Often occurs at the same time as PSA testing
• Frequency cannot be determined without consulting a doctor who will factor in the risk factors